Alongside resistance training, the gladiators utilised bodyweight exercises in order to further develop their strength. Common callisthenics exercises that were also performed by gladiators would have included variations of exercises we know today. So think variations of push-ups, sit-ups, lunges, jumps, pull-ups, squats, dips, static holds etc.. Many of the exercises involved full-body movements, some involved isometric holds. These type of exercises were great for improving grip strength (important to a gladiator holding their weapons) and endurance.